General Information of This Target
Target ID
BTDT10268
Target Name
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha
Target Bioclass
Transporter and channel
        Click to Show/Hide the Complete Species Lineage
N.A.
Toxin Information Related to This Target
                           Toxin Name Activity Data Type Activity Data Reference
 Toxin Info    Mu-conotoxin GVIIJ Dissociation constant
360 nM
[1- 5]
 Toxin Info    Venom peptide Sh41 Effect . [6]
 Toxin Info    Venom peptide Sh42 Effect . [6]
 Toxin Info    Toxin Acra3 Inhibition rate . [7], [8]
 Toxin Info    Neurotoxic enhancer CSTX-13 Inhibition rate . [9], [10], [11], [12]
 Toxin Info    Delta-theraphotoxin-Hm1a Inhibition rate . [13], [14], [15], [16]
 Toxin Info    Beta-toxin Tf1a Inhibition rate
17 - 30 %
[17]
 Toxin Info    Mu-theraphotoxin-Hd1a Inhibition rate
31 %
[18]
 Toxin Info    Mu-theraphotoxin-Pspp1 Inhibition rate
35 %
[19], [20], [21], [22]
 Toxin Info    Mu-conotoxin BuIIIC Inhibition rate
45 %
[23], [24]
 Toxin Info    Beta-mammal/insect toxin To1 Inhibition rate
55.3 %
[25- 29]
 Toxin Info    Delta-actitoxin-Avd1c Effective concentration 50
˜180 nM
[30- 36]
 Toxin Info    Delta-actitoxin-Bcs1a Effective concentration 50
˜900 nM
[37], [35], [36]
 Toxin Info    Delta-conotoxin-like ErVIA Effective concentration 50
1.27 nM
[38]
 Toxin Info    Delta-conotoxin SuVIA Effective concentration 50
1.27 nM
[39]
 Toxin Info    Delta-buthitoxin-Hj1a Effective concentration 50
37.3 nM
[40]
 Toxin Info    Delta-buthitoxin-Hj2a Effective concentration 50
46.3 nM
[40]
 Toxin Info    Delta-actitoxin-Bcg1b Effective concentration 50
133 nM
[36- 43]
 Toxin Info    Alpha-like toxin BmK M1 Effective concentration 50
214 nM
[44- 57]
 Toxin Info    Delta-actitoxin-Afv1b Effective concentration 50
300 nM
[35- 58]
 Toxin Info    Sodium channel neurotoxin MeuNaTxalpha-5* Effective concentration 50
790 nM
[59]
 Toxin Info    Sodium channel neurotoxin MeuNaTxalpha-5 Effective concentration 50
790 nM
[59]
 Toxin Info    Delta-conotoxin-like CnVID Effective concentration 50
1.7 μM
[60], [61]
 Toxin Info    Delta-actitoxin-Bcg1d Effective concentration 50
1.74 μM
[36- 62]
 Toxin Info    Delta-conotoxin-like CnVIB Effective concentration 50
2.3 μM
[60], [61]
 Toxin Info    Sodium channel neurotoxin MeuNaTxalpha-1 Effective concentration 50
3.1 μM
[59- 64]
 Toxin Info    Toxin GTx1-15 IC50
17 - 20.1 nM
[65], [66]
 Toxin Info    Toxin GTx1-15 IC50
17 - 20.1 nM
[67], [68]
 Toxin Info    Beta/omega-theraphotoxin-Bp1a IC50
21 - 133 nM
[69]
 Toxin Info    Beta/omega-theraphotoxin-Tp1a IC50
21 - 133 nM
[21- 75]
 Toxin Info    Beta/omega-theraphotoxin-Tp2a IC50
26 nM
[21- 89]
 Toxin Info    Toxin Cll1 IC50
44.9 nM
[90], [91], [92]
 Toxin Info    Mu-theraphotoxin-Hhn1b 1 IC50
50.1 nM
[66- 99]
 Toxin Info    Beta-toxin Cn8 IC50
67.7 nM
[91- 100]
 Toxin Info    Mu/omega-theraphotoxin-Tap1a IC50
81 - 301 nM
[101]
 Toxin Info    Kappa-actitoxin-Ael2a IC50
92 nM
[36- 107]
 Toxin Info    Huwentoxin-IV IC50
117 nM
[21- 119]
 Toxin Info    Mu-conotoxin SxIIIC IC50
124.9 nM
[120]
 Toxin Info    Mu/omega-theraphotoxin-Tap2a IC50
169 - 621 nM
[101]
 Toxin Info    Beta-toxin Cll2 IC50
172 nM
[91- 121]
 Toxin Info    Mu-theraphotoxin-Pspp1 IC50
491.2 nM
[19], [20], [21], [22]
 Toxin Info    Beta-theraphotoxin-Gr1a IC50
630 nM
[21- 123]
 Toxin Info    Beta/mu-theraphotoxin-Pe1b IC50
696 nM
[69]
 Toxin Info    Beta-theraphotoxin-Cd1a IC50
>30 μM
[124]
 Toxin Info    Beta-theraphotoxin-Cm1b IC50
0.0499 - 3.990 μM
[66- 125]
 Toxin Info    Beta-theraphotoxin-Gr1b IC50
1.2 μM
[21- 123]
 Toxin Info    MuO-conotoxin MfVIA IC50
1.2 - 4.6 μM
[126], [127]
 Toxin Info    Mu-thomitoxin-Hme1c IC50
3.504 μM
[128], [129]
 Toxin Info    Beta/omega-theraphotoxin-Tp2a IC50
4.6 μM
[21- 89]
 Toxin Info    Kappa-theraphotoxin-Gr2c IC50
6.6 μM
[21- 123]
 Toxin Info    M-theraphotoxin-Gr1a IC50
7.4 - 14 μM
[65- 140]
References
Ref 1 Evolution of separate predation- and defence-evoked venoms in carnivorous cone snails. Nat Commun. 2014 Mar 24;5:3521. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4521.
Ref 2 A disulfide tether stabilizes the block of sodium channels by the conotoxin O-GVIIJ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Feb 18;111(7):2758-63. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1324189111. Epub 2014 Feb 4.
Ref 3 Probing the Redox States of Sodium Channel Cysteines at the Binding Site of O-Conotoxin GVIIJ. Biochemistry. 2015 Jun 30;54(25):3911-20. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00390. Epub 2015 Jun 18.
Ref 4 - and -subunit composition of voltage-gated sodium channels investigated with -conotoxins and the recently discovered O-conotoxin GVIIJ. J Neurophysiol. 2015 Apr 1;113(7):2289-301. doi: 10.1152/jn.01004.2014. Epub 2015 Jan 28.
Ref 5 Structural Basis for the Inhibition of Voltage-gated Sodium Channels by Conotoxin O-GVIIJ. J Biol Chem. 2016 Mar 25;291(13):7205-20. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.697672. Epub 2016 Jan 27.
Ref 6 Isolation and characterization of FMRFamide-like peptides in the venoms of solitary sphecid wasps. Peptides. 2021 Aug;142:170575. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170575. Epub 2021 May 20.
Ref 7 Purification and cDNA cloning of a novel neurotoxic peptide (Acra3) from the scorpion Androctonus crassicauda. Peptides. 2012 Sep;37(1):106-12. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.07.009. Epub 2012 Jul 20.
Ref 8 Biological assays on the effects of Acra3 peptide from Turkish scorpion Androctonus crassicauda venom on a mouse brain tumor cell line (BC3H1) and production of specific monoclonal antibodies. Toxicon. 2013 Dec 15;76:350-61. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.09.009. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
Ref 9 The Dual Prey-Inactivation Strategy of Spiders-In-Depth Venomic Analysis of Cupiennius salei. Toxins (Basel). 2019 Mar 19;11(3):167. doi: 10.3390/toxins11030167.
Ref 10 CSTX-13, a highly synergistically acting two-chain neurotoxic enhancer in the venom of the spider Cupiennius salei (Ctenidae). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 3;101(31):11251-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402226101. Epub 2004 Jul 22.
Ref 11 Spider venom: enhancement of venom efficacy mediated by different synergistic strategies in Cupiennius salei. J Exp Biol. 2005 Jun;208(Pt 11):2115-21. doi: 10.1242/jeb.01594.
Ref 12 Neurotoxin Merging: A Strategy Deployed by the Venom of the Spider Cupiennius salei to Potentiate Toxicity on Insects. Toxins (Basel). 2020 Apr 12;12(4):250. doi: 10.3390/toxins12040250.
Ref 13 Novel tarantula toxins for subtypes of voltage-dependent potassium channels in the Kv2 and Kv4 subfamilies. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;62(1):48-57. doi: 10.1124/mol.62.1.48.
Ref 14 Selective spider toxins reveal a role for the Nav1.1 channel in mechanical pain. Nature. 2016 Jun 23;534(7608):494-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17976. Epub 2016 Jun 6.
Ref 15 A selective Na(V)1.1 activator with potential for treatment of Dravet syndrome epilepsy. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 Nov;181:113991. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113991. Epub 2020 Apr 23.
Ref 16 Selective Na(V)1.1 activation rescues Dravet syndrome mice from seizures and premature death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Aug 21;115(34):E8077-E8085. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1804764115. Epub 2018 Aug 3.
Ref 17 Subtype Specificity of -Toxin Tf1a from Tityus fasciolatus in Voltage Gated Sodium Channels. Toxins (Basel). 2018 Aug 22;10(9):339. doi: 10.3390/toxins10090339.
Ref 18 Seven novel modulators of the analgesic target NaV 1.7 uncovered using a high-throughput venom-based discovery approach. Br J Pharmacol. 2015 May;172(10):2445-58. doi: 10.1111/bph.13081. Epub 2015 Mar 4.
Ref 19 Pharmacological characterisation of the highly Na(V)1.7 selective spider venom peptide Pn3a. Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 20;7:40883. doi: 10.1038/srep40883.
Ref 20 Corrigendum: Pharmacological characterisation of the highly Na(V)1.7 selective spider venom peptide Pn3a. Sci Rep. 2017 May 26;7:46816. doi: 10.1038/srep46816.
Ref 21 Chemical Synthesis, Proper Folding, Na(v) Channel Selectivity Profile and Analgesic Properties of the Spider Peptide Phlotoxin 1. Toxins (Basel). 2019 Jun 21;11(6):367. doi: 10.3390/toxins11060367.
Ref 22 Evaluation of the Spider (Phlogiellus genus) Phlotoxin 1 and Synthetic Variants as Antinociceptive Drug Candidates. Toxins (Basel). 2019 Aug 22;11(9):484. doi: 10.3390/toxins11090484.
Ref 23 Pruning nature: Biodiversity-derived discovery of novel sodium channel blocking conotoxins from Conus bullatus. Toxicon. 2009 Jan;53(1):90-8. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.10.017. Epub 2008 Nov 20.
Ref 24 Design of bioactive peptides from naturally occurring -conotoxin structures. J Biol Chem. 2012 Sep 7;287(37):31382-92. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.375733. Epub 2012 Jul 6.
Ref 25 Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Tityus pachyurus and Tityus obscurus novel putative Na+-channel scorpion toxins. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e30478. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030478. Epub 2012 Feb 15.
Ref 26 Proteomic endorsed transcriptomic profiles of venom glands from Tityus obscurus and T. serrulatus scorpions. PLoS One. 2018 Mar 21;13(3):e0193739. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193739. eCollection 2018.
Ref 27 Scorpion toxins from Tityus cambridgei that affect Na(+)-channels. Toxicon. 2002 May;40(5):557-62. doi: 10.1016/s0041-0101(01)00252-5.
Ref 28 Proteomics of the venom from the Amazonian scorpion Tityus cambridgei and the role of prolines on mass spectrometry analysis of toxins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004 Apr 15;803(1):55-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.09.002.
Ref 29 Electrophysiological characterization of Tityus obscurus toxin 1 (To1) on Na(+)-channel isoforms. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2019 Jan;1861(1):142-150. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.08.005. Epub 2018 Aug 14.
Ref 30 Amino-acid sequence of a coelenterate toxin: toxin II from Anemonia sulcata. Eur J Biochem. 1976 Sep;68(1):193-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10778.x.
Ref 31 [The disulfide bridges of toxin II from Anemonia sulcata (author's transl)]. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1978 Sep;359(9):1193-201.
Ref 32 Anemonia sulcata toxins modify activation and inactivation of Na+ currents in a crayfish neurone. Pflugers Arch. 1985 May;404(2):119-25. doi: 10.1007/BF00585406.
Ref 33 Sea anemone toxin (ATX II) modulation of heart and skeletal muscle sodium channel alpha-subunits expressed in tsA201 cells. J Membr Biol. 1996 Jul;152(1):39-48. doi: 10.1007/s002329900083.
Ref 34 Functional expression of Drosophila para sodium channels. Modulation by the membrane protein TipE and toxin pharmacology. J Gen Physiol. 1997 Aug;110(2):119-33. doi: 10.1085/jgp.110.2.119.
Ref 35 Binding specificity of sea anemone toxins to Nav 1.1-1.6 sodium channels: unexpected contributions from differences in the IV/S3-S4 outer loop. J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 6;279(32):33323-35. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M404344200. Epub 2004 May 28.
Ref 36 Development of a rational nomenclature for naming peptide and protein toxins from sea anemones. Toxicon. 2012 Sep 15;60(4):539-50. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.05.020. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
Ref 37 Characterization of peptides in sea anemone venom collected by a novel procedure. Toxicon. 1993 Jul;31(7):853-64. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(93)90220-d.
Ref 38 Insights into the origins of fish hunting in venomous cone snails from studies of Conus tessulatus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Apr 21;112(16):5087-92. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1424435112. Epub 2015 Apr 6.
Ref 39 -Conotoxin SuVIA suggests an evolutionary link between ancestral predator defence and the origin of fish-hunting behaviour in carnivorous cone snails. Proc Biol Sci. 2015 Jul 22;282(1811):20150817. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0817.
Ref 40 Venom Peptides with Dual Modulatory Activity on the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Na(V)1.1 Provide Novel Leads for Development of Antiepileptic Drugs. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2019 Nov 25;3(1):119-134. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00079. eCollection 2020 Feb 14.
Ref 41 Revisiting cangitoxin, a sea anemone peptide: purification and characterization of cangitoxins II and III from the venom of Bunodosoma cangicum. Toxicon. 2008 Jun 1;51(7):1303-7. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.01.011. Epub 2008 Feb 2.
Ref 42 Characterization of selectivity and pharmacophores of type 1 sea anemone toxins by screening seven Na(v) sodium channel isoforms. Peptides. 2012 Mar;34(1):158-67. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.07.008. Epub 2011 Jul 20.
Ref 43 Actions of sea anemone type 1 neurotoxins on voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms. Toxicon. 2009 Dec 15;54(8):1102-11. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.04.018. Epub 2009 Apr 23.
Ref 44 The CDNA and genomic DNA sequences of a mammalian neurotoxin from the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch. Toxicon. 1997 Jul;35(7):1025-31. doi: 10.1016/s0041-0101(96)00224-3.
Ref 45 Two neurotoxins (BmK I and BmK II) from the venom of the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch: purification, amino acid sequences and assessment of specific activity. Toxicon. 1996 Sep;34(9):987-1001. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(96)00065-7.
Ref 46 Electrophysiological characterization of BmK M1, an alpha-like toxin from Buthus martensi Karsch venom. FEBS Lett. 2001 Apr 20;495(1-2):61-5. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02365-1.
Ref 47 Exploration of the functional site of a scorpion alpha-like toxin by site-directed mutagenesis. Biochemistry. 2003 Apr 29;42(16):4699-708. doi: 10.1021/bi0270438.
Ref 48 Importance of the conserved aromatic residues in the scorpion alpha-like toxin BmK M1: the hydrophobic surface region revisited. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 27;278(26):24125-31. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M211931200. Epub 2003 Apr 13.
Ref 49 Fos expression in rat spinal cord induced by peripheral injection of BmK I, an alpha-like scorpion neurotoxin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003 Oct 1;192(1):78-85. doi: 10.1016/s0041-008x(03)00260-6.
Ref 50 Molecular basis of the mammalian potency of the scorpion alpha-like toxin, BmK M1. FASEB J. 2005 Apr;19(6):594-6. doi: 10.1096/fj.04-2485fje. Epub 2005 Jan 27.
Ref 51 The epileptic seizures induced by BmK I, a modulator of sodium channels. Exp Neurol. 2006 Jan;197(1):167-76. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.09.006. Epub 2005 Oct 17.
Ref 52 The alpha-like scorpion toxin BmK I enhances membrane excitability via persistent sodium current by preventing slow inactivation and deactivation of rNav1.2a expressed in Xenopus Oocytes. Toxicol In Vitro. 2009 Jun;23(4):561-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.12.022. Epub 2008 Dec 30.
Ref 53 Molecular determination of selectivity of the site 3 modulator (BmK I) to sodium channels in the CNS: a clue to the importance of Nav1.6 in BmK I-induced neuronal hyperexcitability. Biochem J. 2010 Oct 15;431(2):289-98. doi: 10.1042/BJ20100517.
Ref 54 A series of bioactivity-variant neurotoxins from scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch: purification, crystallization and crystallographic analysis. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1999 Jan;55(Pt 1):341-4. doi: 10.1107/S0907444998006593. Epub 1999 Jan 1.
Ref 55 Crystal structures of two alpha-like scorpion toxins: non-proline cis peptide bonds and implications for new binding site selectivity on the sodium channel. J Mol Biol. 1999 Sep 10;292(1):125-35. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.1999.3036.
Ref 56 Structural mechanism governing cis and trans isomeric states and an intramolecular switch for cis/trans isomerization of a non-proline peptide bond observed in crystal structures of scorpion toxins. J Mol Biol. 2004 Aug 27;341(5):1189-204. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.06.067.
Ref 57 Structural basis for the voltage-gated Na+ channel selectivity of the scorpion alpha-like toxin BmK M1. J Mol Biol. 2005 Nov 4;353(4):788-803. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.08.068. Epub 2005 Sep 22.
Ref 58 Amino acid sequence of two sea anemone toxins from Anthopleura fuscoviridis. Toxicon. 1987;25(2):211-9. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(87)90243-1.
Ref 59 Evolutionary diversification of Mesobuthus -scorpion toxins affecting sodium channels. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2012 Jan;11(1):M111.012054. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M111.012054. Epub 2011 Oct 3.
Ref 60 -Conotoxins synthesized using an acid-cleavable solubility tag approach reveal key structural determinants for NaV subtype selectivity. J Biol Chem. 2014 Dec 19;289(51):35341-50. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.610436. Epub 2014 Oct 28.
Ref 61 Comparative proteomic study of the venom of the piscivorous cone snail Conus consors. J Proteomics. 2009 Mar 6;72(2):210-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.01.019. Epub 2009 Jan 23.
Ref 62 Proteomics of the neurotoxic fraction from the sea anemone Bunodosoma cangicum venom: Novel peptides belonging to new classes of toxins. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics. 2008 Sep;3(3):219-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cbd.2008.04.002. Epub 2008 Apr 26.
Ref 63 Scorpion toxin MeuNaTx-1 sensitizes primary nociceptors by selective modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels. FEBS J. 2021 Apr;288(7):2418-2435. doi: 10.1111/febs.15593. Epub 2020 Nov 5.
Ref 64 Structure of MeuNaTx-1 toxin from scorpion venom highlights the importance of the nest motif. Proteins. 2021 Mar 13. doi: 10.1002/prot.26074. Online ahead of print.
Ref 65 Characterization of voltage-dependent calcium channel blocking peptides from the venom of the tarantula Grammostola rosea. Toxicon. 2011 Sep 1;58(3):265-76. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.06.006. Epub 2011 Jun 28.
Ref 66 Gating modifier toxins isolated from spider venom: Modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels and the role of lipid membranes. J Biol Chem. 2018 Jun 8;293(23):9041-9052. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.002553. Epub 2018 Apr 27.
Ref 67 Engineering potent and selective analogues of GpTx-1, a tarantula venom peptide antagonist of the Na(V)1.7 sodium channel. J Med Chem. 2015 Mar 12;58(5):2299-314. doi: 10.1021/jm501765v. Epub 2015 Feb 19.
Ref 68 Analgesic Effects of GpTx-1, PF-04856264 and CNV1014802 in a Mouse Model of NaV1.7-Mediated Pain. Toxins (Basel). 2016 Mar 17;8(3):78. doi: 10.3390/toxins8030078.
Ref 69 Mutational analysis of ProTx-I and the novel venom peptide Pe1b provide insight into residues responsible for selective inhibition of the analgesic drug target Na(V)1.7. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 Nov;181:114080. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114080. Epub 2020 Jun 6.
Ref 70 Two tarantula peptides inhibit activation of multiple sodium channels. Biochemistry. 2002 Dec 17;41(50):14734-47. doi: 10.1021/bi026546a.
Ref 71 ProTx-I and ProTx-II: gating modifiers of voltage-gated sodium channels. Toxicon. 2007 Feb;49(2):194-201. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.09.014. Epub 2006 Sep 27.
Ref 72 Tarantula toxin ProTx-I differentiates between human T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ Channels Cav3.1 and Cav3.2. J Pharmacol Sci. 2010;112(4):452-8. doi: 10.1254/jphs.09356fp. Epub 2010 Mar 30.
Ref 73 Block of T-type calcium channels by protoxins I and II. Mol Brain. 2014 May 9;7:36. doi: 10.1186/1756-6606-7-36.
Ref 74 High Proteolytic Resistance of Spider-Derived Inhibitor Cystine Knots. Int J Pept. 2015;2015:537508. doi: 10.1155/2015/537508. Epub 2015 Dec 30.
Ref 75 A tarantula-venom peptide antagonizes the TRPA1 nociceptor ion channel by binding to the S1-S4 gating domain. Curr Biol. 2014 Mar 3;24(5):473-83. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.013. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
Ref 76 Differential phospholipid binding by site 3 and site 4 toxins. Implications for structural variability between voltage-sensitive sodium channel domains. J Biol Chem. 2005 Mar 25;280(12):11127-33. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M412552200. Epub 2005 Jan 4.
Ref 77 Molecular interactions of the gating modifier toxin ProTx-II with NaV 1.5: implied existence of a novel toxin binding site coupled to activation. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 27;282(17):12687-97. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M610462200. Epub 2007 Mar 5.
Ref 78 Inhibition of sodium channel gating by trapping the domain II voltage sensor with protoxin II. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Mar;73(3):1020-8. doi: 10.1124/mol.107.041046. Epub 2007 Dec 21.
Ref 79 ProTx-II, a selective inhibitor of NaV1.7 sodium channels, blocks action potential propagation in nociceptors. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Nov;74(5):1476-84. doi: 10.1124/mol.108.047670. Epub 2008 Aug 26.
Ref 80 Evidence for multiple effects of ProTxII on activation gating in Na(V)1.5. Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):489-500. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.06.023. Epub 2008 Jul 9.
Ref 81 The tarantula toxins ProTx-II and huwentoxin-IV differentially interact with human Nav1.7 voltage sensors to inhibit channel activation and inactivation. Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;78(6):1124-34. doi: 10.1124/mol.110.066332. Epub 2010 Sep 20.
Ref 82 Inhibition of the activation pathway of the T-type calcium channel Ca(V)3.1 by ProTxII. Toxicon. 2010 Sep 15;56(4):624-36. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.06.009. Epub 2010 Jun 23.
Ref 83 Crystallographic insights into sodium-channel modulation by the 4 subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Dec 17;110(51):E5016-24. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1314557110. Epub 2013 Dec 2.
Ref 84 Binary architecture of the Nav1.2-2 signaling complex. Elife. 2016 Feb 19;5:e10960. doi: 10.7554/eLife.10960.
Ref 85 Insensitivity to pain induced by a potent selective closed-state Nav1.7 inhibitor. Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 3;7:39662. doi: 10.1038/srep39662.
Ref 86 Studies examining the relationship between the chemical structure of protoxin II and its activity on voltage gated sodium channels. J Med Chem. 2014 Aug 14;57(15):6623-31. doi: 10.1021/jm500687u. Epub 2014 Jul 24.
Ref 87 Interaction of Tarantula Venom Peptide ProTx-II with Lipid Membranes Is a Prerequisite for Its Inhibition of Human Voltage-gated Sodium Channel NaV1.7. J Biol Chem. 2016 Aug 12;291(33):17049-65. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.729095. Epub 2016 Jun 16.
Ref 88 Structural Basis of Nav1.7 Inhibition by a Gating-Modifier Spider Toxin. Cell. 2019 Feb 7;176(4):702-715.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.018. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
Ref 89 Structures of human Na(v)1.7 channel in complex with auxiliary subunits and animal toxins. Science. 2019 Mar 22;363(6433):1303-1308. doi: 10.1126/science.aaw2493. Epub 2019 Feb 14.
Ref 90 Primary and NMR three-dimensional structure determination of a novel crustacean toxin from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides limpidus limpidus Karsch. Biochemistry. 1994 Sep 20;33(37):11135-49. doi: 10.1021/bi00203a010.
Ref 91 Negative-shift activation, current reduction and resurgent currents induced by -toxins from Centruroides scorpions in sodium channels. Toxicon. 2012 Feb;59(2):283-93. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.12.003. Epub 2011 Dec 16.
Ref 92 Generation of a Broadly Cross-Neutralizing Antibody Fragment against Several Mexican Scorpion Venoms. Toxins (Basel). 2019 Jan 10;11(1):32. doi: 10.3390/toxins11010032.
Ref 93 Molecular diversification of peptide toxins from the tarantula Haplopelma hainanum (Ornithoctonus hainana) venom based on transcriptomic, peptidomic, and genomic analyses. J Proteome Res. 2010 May 7;9(5):2550-64. doi: 10.1021/pr1000016.
Ref 94 Isolation and characterization of hainantoxin-IV, a novel antagonist of tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels from the Chinese bird spider Selenocosmia hainana. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003 May;60(5):972-8. doi: 10.1007/s00018-003-2354-x.
Ref 95 Inhibition of neuronal tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ channels by two spider toxins: hainantoxin-III and hainantoxin-IV. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Sep 5;477(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)02190-3.
Ref 96 Inhibition of sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons by Hainantoxin-IV, a novel spider toxin. Sheng Wu Hua Xue Yu Sheng Wu Wu Li Xue Bao (Shanghai). 2003 Jan;35(1):82-5.
Ref 97 Synthesis and oxidative refolding of hainantoxin-IV. Sheng Wu Hua Xue Yu Sheng Wu Wu Li Xue Bao (Shanghai). 2002 Jul;34(4):516-9.
Ref 98 [Solid-phase synthesis and biological characterization of S12A-HNTX-IV and R29A-HNTX-IV: two mutants of hainantoxin-IV]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2005 Jan;21(1):92-6.
Ref 99 Structure--activity relationships of hainantoxin-IV and structure determination of active and inactive sodium channel blockers. J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 3;279(36):37734-40. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M405765200. Epub 2004 Jun 16.
Ref 100 Isolation and pharmacological characterization of four novel Na+ channel-blocking toxins from the scorpion Centruroides noxius Hoffmann. J Biochem. 1994 Dec;116(6):1383-91. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124691.
Ref 101 A spider-venom peptide with multitarget activity on sodium and calcium channels alleviates chronic visceral pain in a model of irritable bowel syndrome. Pain. 2021 Feb 1;162(2):569-581. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002041.
Ref 102 APETx1, a new toxin from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima, blocks voltage-gated human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channels. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Jul;64(1):59-69. doi: 10.1124/mol.64.1.59.
Ref 103 Species diversity and peptide toxins blocking selectivity of ether-a-go-go-related gene subfamily K+ channels in the central nervous system. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 May;69(5):1673-83. doi: 10.1124/mol.105.019729. Epub 2006 Feb 23.
Ref 104 APETx1 from sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima is a gating modifier peptide toxin of the human ether-a-go-go- related potassium channel. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Aug;72(2):259-68. doi: 10.1124/mol.107.035840. Epub 2007 May 1.
Ref 105 A natural point mutation changes both target selectivity and mechanism of action of sea anemone toxins. FASEB J. 2012 Dec;26(12):5141-51. doi: 10.1096/fj.12-218479. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
Ref 106 Defensin-neurotoxin dyad in a basally branching metazoan sea anemone. FEBS J. 2017 Oct;284(19):3320-3338. doi: 10.1111/febs.14194. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
Ref 107 Solution structure of APETx1 from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima: a new fold for an HERG toxin. Proteins. 2005 May 1;59(2):380-6. doi: 10.1002/prot.20425.
Ref 108 cDNA sequence analysis of seven peptide toxins from the spider Selenocosmia huwena. Toxicon. 2003 Dec;42(7):715-23. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2003.08.007.
Ref 109 Molecular diversification based on analysis of expressed sequence tags from the venom glands of the Chinese bird spider Ornithoctonus huwena. Toxicon. 2008 Jun 15;51(8):1479-89. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.03.024. Epub 2008 Mar 27.
Ref 110 Function and solution structure of huwentoxin-IV, a potent neuronal tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive sodium channel antagonist from Chinese bird spider Selenocosmia huwena. J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 6;277(49):47564-71. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M204063200. Epub 2002 Sep 11.
Ref 111 Native pyroglutamation of huwentoxin-IV: a post-translational modification that increases the trapping ability to the sodium channel. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 24;8(6):e65984. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065984. Print 2013.
Ref 112 Tarantula huwentoxin-IV inhibits neuronal sodium channels by binding to receptor site 4 and trapping the domain ii voltage sensor in the closed configuration. J Biol Chem. 2008 Oct 3;283(40):27300-13. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M708447200. Epub 2008 Jul 14.
Ref 113 Synthesis and characterization of huwentoxin-IV, a neurotoxin inhibiting central neuronal sodium channels. Toxicon. 2008 Feb;51(2):230-9. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.09.008. Epub 2007 Sep 29.
Ref 114 Common molecular determinants of tarantula huwentoxin-IV inhibition of Na+ channel voltage sensors in domains II and IV. J Biol Chem. 2011 Aug 5;286(31):27301-10. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246876. Epub 2011 Jun 9.
Ref 115 Potency optimization of Huwentoxin-IV on hNav1.7: a neurotoxin TTX-S sodium-channel antagonist from the venom of the Chinese bird-eating spider Selenocosmia huwena. Peptides. 2013 Jun;44:40-6. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.011. Epub 2013 Mar 19.
Ref 116 Screening, large-scale production and structure-based classification of cystine-dense peptides. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2018 Mar;25(3):270-278. doi: 10.1038/s41594-018-0033-9. Epub 2018 Feb 26.
Ref 117 Analysis of the structural and molecular basis of voltage-sensitive sodium channel inhibition by the spider toxin huwentoxin-IV (-TRTX-Hh2a). J Biol Chem. 2013 Aug 2;288(31):22707-20. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.461392. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
Ref 118 Spider peptide toxin HwTx-IV engineered to bind to lipid membranes has an increased inhibitory potency at human voltage-gated sodium channel hNa(V)1.7. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2017 May;1859(5):835-844. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.01.020. Epub 2017 Jan 20.
Ref 119 The structure, dynamics and selectivity profile of a NaV1.7 potency-optimised huwentoxin-IV variant. PLoS One. 2017 Mar 16;12(3):e0173551. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173551. eCollection 2017.
Ref 120 Discovery, Pharmacological Characterisation and NMR Structure of the Novel -Conotoxin SxIIIC, a Potent and Irreversible Na(V) Channel Inhibitor. Biomedicines. 2020 Oct 2;8(10):391. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8100391.
Ref 121 Structural and functional comparison of toxins from the venom of the scorpions Centruroides infamatus infamatus, Centruroides limpidus limpidus and Centruroides noxius. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 1996 Feb;113(2):331-9. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(95)02031-4.
Ref 122 Isolation and characterization of a novel toxin from the venom of the spider Grammostola rosea that blocks sodium channels. Toxicon. 2007 Jul;50(1):65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.02.015. Epub 2007 Mar 3.
Ref 123 Target promiscuity and heterogeneous effects of tarantula venom peptides affecting Na+ and K+ ion channels. J Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 5;285(6):4130-4142. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.054718. Epub 2009 Dec 2.
Ref 124 Discovery and mode of action of a novel analgesic -toxin from the African spider Ceratogyrus darlingi. PLoS One. 2017 Sep 7;12(9):e0182848. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182848. eCollection 2017.
Ref 125 Four novel tarantula toxins as selective modulators of voltage-gated sodium channel subtypes. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Feb;69(2):419-29. doi: 10.1124/mol.105.015941. Epub 2005 Nov 2.
Ref 126 Isolation, characterization and total regioselective synthesis of the novel O-conotoxin MfVIA from Conus magnificus that targets voltage-gated sodium channels. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Aug 15;84(4):540-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.008. Epub 2012 May 16.
Ref 127 Development of a O-Conotoxin Analogue with Improved Lipid Membrane Interactions and Potency for the Analgesic Sodium Channel NaV1.8. J Biol Chem. 2016 May 27;291(22):11829-42. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.721662. Epub 2016 Mar 29.
Ref 128 Structure of membrane-active toxin from crab spider Heriaeus melloteei suggests parallel evolution of sodium channel gating modifiers in Araneomorphae and Mygalomorphae. J Biol Chem. 2015 Jan 2;290(1):492-504. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.595678. Epub 2014 Oct 28.
Ref 129 Spider toxin inhibits gating pore currents underlying periodic paralysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Apr 24;115(17):4495-4500. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1720185115. Epub 2018 Apr 10.
Ref 130 cDNA sequence and in vitro folding of GsMTx4, a specific peptide inhibitor of mechanosensitive channels. Toxicon. 2003 Sep;42(3):263-74. doi: 10.1016/s0041-0101(03)00141-7.
Ref 131 Identification of a peptide toxin from Grammostola spatulata spider venom that blocks cation-selective stretch-activated channels. J Gen Physiol. 2000 May;115(5):583-98. doi: 10.1085/jgp.115.5.583.
Ref 132 Solution structure of peptide toxins that block mechanosensitive ion channels. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 13;277(37):34443-50. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M202715200. Epub 2002 Jun 24.
Ref 133 Tarantula peptide inhibits atrial fibrillation. Nature. 2001 Jan 4;409(6816):35-6. doi: 10.1038/35051165.
Ref 134 Localization of the voltage-sensor toxin receptor on KvAP. Biochemistry. 2004 Aug 10;43(31):10071-9. doi: 10.1021/bi049463y.
Ref 135 Bilayer-dependent inhibition of mechanosensitive channels by neuroactive peptide enantiomers. Nature. 2004 Jul 8;430(6996):235-40. doi: 10.1038/nature02743.
Ref 136 Lipid membrane interaction and antimicrobial activity of GsMTx-4, an inhibitor of mechanosensitive channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Feb 10;340(2):633-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.046. Epub 2005 Dec 19.
Ref 137 Effects of tarantula toxin GsMTx4 on the membrane motor of outer hair cells. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Aug 14;404(1-2):213-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.05.059. Epub 2006 Jun 22.
Ref 138 Molecular dynamics simulations of a stretch-activated channel inhibitor GsMTx4 with lipid membranes: two binding modes and effects of lipid structure. Biophys J. 2007 Jun 15;92(12):4233-43. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.106.101071. Epub 2007 Mar 23.
Ref 139 Is lipid bilayer binding a common property of inhibitor cysteine knot ion-channel blockers?. Biophys J. 2007 Aug 15;93(4):L20-2. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.107.112375. Epub 2007 Jun 15.
Ref 140 Fast desensitization of acetylcholine receptors induced by a spider toxin. Channels (Austin). 2021 Dec;15(1):507-515. doi: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1961459.
Data Quality & Feedback

Help us maintain data quality by reporting any errors or inaccuracies you may find.

samedaypayday.com visits since 2024

If you find any error in data or bug in web service, please kindly report it to biodb_contact@163.com et al.