Target Information

General Information of This Target
Target ID
BTDT10211
Target Name
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily G member 3
Target Bioclass
Transporter and channel
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N.A.
Toxin Information Related to This Target
                           Toxin Name Activity Data Type Activity Data Reference
 Toxin Info    U-scoloptoxin(15)-Sm2a Effect . [1], [2]
 Toxin Info    U-scoloptoxin(15)-Sm2a Effect . [1], [2]
 Toxin Info    Venom peptide Sh41 Effect . [3]
 Toxin Info    Venom peptide Sh42 Effect . [3]
 Toxin Info    Mu-thomitoxin-Hme1c Inhibition rate . [4], [5]
 Toxin Info    Toxin PhcrTx2 Inhibition rate . [6]
 Toxin Info    Toxin MeKTx13-3 (D33H) Inhibition rate . [7]
 Toxin Info    Kappa-theraphotoxin-Ps1a Inhibition rate . [8], [9], [10]
 Toxin Info    Kappa-actitoxin-Ael2a Inhibition rate . [11- 17]
 Toxin Info    Mambaquaretin-1 Inhibition rate . [18], [19], [20]
 Toxin Info    Potassium channel toxin alpha-KTx 1.16 Inhibition rate . [21], [22]
 Toxin Info    Potassium channel toxin alpha-KTx 1.17 Inhibition rate . [21], [22]
 Toxin Info    U-actitoxin-Oulsp1 Inhibition rate . [23]
 Toxin Info    Potassium channel toxin kappa-KTx 1.2 Inhibition rate . [24- 28]
 Toxin Info    Potassium channel toxin kappa-KTx 1.3 Inhibition rate
6.2 %
 [27], [26]
 Toxin Info    Snake venom serine protease HS114 Inhibition rate
9.2 %
 [29], [30], [31], [32]
 Toxin Info    Defensin BmKDfsin4 Inhibition rate
11.6 %
 [33], [34], [35]
 Toxin Info    Potassium channel toxin epsilon-KTx 1.1 Inhibition rate
15 %
 [36- 40]
 Toxin Info    Defensin BmKDfsin5 Inhibition rate
16.9 %
 [33- 41]
 Toxin Info    Beta/kappa-theraphotoxin-Hlv1a Inhibition rate
25 %
 [42]
 Toxin Info    Defensin BmKDfsin3 Inhibition rate
30.4 %
 [33- 41]
 Toxin Info    ProTx2 Inhibition rate
40 %
 [42]
 Toxin Info    Potassium channel toxin gamma-KTx 1.1 Inhibition rate
93.5 %
 [12- 53]
 Toxin Info    Kappa-actitoxin-Ael2a IC50
34 nM
 [11- 17]
 Toxin Info    Mu/kappa-theraphotoxin-Ap1a IC50
236 nM
 [54]
 Toxin Info    Kappa-theraphotoxin-Aa1a IC50
637 nM
 [54]
 Toxin Info    Mu-theraphotoxin-Pspp1 IC50
>10 μM
 [55], [56], [57], [58]
 Toxin Info    Beta/kappa-theraphotoxin-Gi1a IC50
3.7 μM
 [59]
 Toxin Info    Beta-theraphotoxin-Gr1a IC50
4.2 μM
 [57- 62]
 Toxin Info    Kappa-theraphotoxin-Gr2c IC50
4.7 μM
 [57- 63]
 Toxin Info    Beta-theraphotoxin-Gr1b IC50
4.8 μM
 [57- 62]
 Toxin Info    Mu/kappa-theraphotoxin-Ap1a IC50
8.197 μM
 [54]
 Toxin Info    Kappa-theraphotoxin-Aa1a IC50
8.511 μM
 [54]
 Toxin Info    M-theraphotoxin-Gr1a IC50
11 μM
 [61- 75]
 Toxin Info    Potassium channel toxin kappa-KTx 1.2 IC50
26 μM
 [24- 28]
References
Ref 1 Clawing through evolution: toxin diversification and convergence in the ancient lineage Chilopoda (centipedes). Mol Biol Evol. 2014 Aug;31(8):2124-48. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu162. Epub 2014 May 20.
Ref 2 A Centipede Toxin Family Defines an Ancient Class of CS Defensins. Structure. 2019 Feb 5;27(2):315-326.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2018.10.022. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Ref 3 Isolation and characterization of FMRFamide-like peptides in the venoms of solitary sphecid wasps. Peptides. 2021 Aug;142:170575. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170575. Epub 2021 May 20.
Ref 4 Structure of membrane-active toxin from crab spider Heriaeus melloteei suggests parallel evolution of sodium channel gating modifiers in Araneomorphae and Mygalomorphae. J Biol Chem. 2015 Jan 2;290(1):492-504. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.595678. Epub 2014 Oct 28.
Ref 5 Spider toxin inhibits gating pore currents underlying periodic paralysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Apr 24;115(17):4495-4500. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1720185115. Epub 2018 Apr 10.
Ref 6 PhcrTx2, a New Crab-Paralyzing Peptide Toxin from the Sea Anemone Phymanthus crucifer. Toxins (Basel). 2018 Feb 7;10(2):72. doi: 10.3390/toxins10020072.
Ref 7 The Scorpion Toxin Analogue BmKTX-D33H as a Potential Kv1.3 Channel-Selective Immunomodulator for Autoimmune Diseases. Toxins (Basel). 2016 Apr 19;8(4):115. doi: 10.3390/toxins8040115.
Ref 8 Effects of phrixotoxins on the Kv4 family of potassium channels and implications for the role of Ito1 in cardiac electrogenesis. Br J Pharmacol. 1999 Jan;126(1):251-63. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702283.
Ref 9 Studies examining the relationship between the chemical structure of protoxin II and its activity on voltage gated sodium channels. J Med Chem. 2014 Aug 14;57(15):6623-31. doi: 10.1021/jm500687u. Epub 2014 Jul 24.
Ref 10 Solution structure of Phrixotoxin 1, a specific peptide inhibitor of Kv4 potassium channels from the venom of the theraphosid spider Phrixotrichus auratus. Protein Sci. 2004 May;13(5):1197-208. doi: 10.1110/ps.03584304.
Ref 11 APETx1, a new toxin from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima, blocks voltage-gated human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channels. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Jul;64(1):59-69. doi: 10.1124/mol.64.1.59.
Ref 12 Species diversity and peptide toxins blocking selectivity of ether-a-go-go-related gene subfamily K+ channels in the central nervous system. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 May;69(5):1673-83. doi: 10.1124/mol.105.019729. Epub 2006 Feb 23.
Ref 13 APETx1 from sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima is a gating modifier peptide toxin of the human ether-a-go-go- related potassium channel. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Aug;72(2):259-68. doi: 10.1124/mol.107.035840. Epub 2007 May 1.
Ref 14 A natural point mutation changes both target selectivity and mechanism of action of sea anemone toxins. FASEB J. 2012 Dec;26(12):5141-51. doi: 10.1096/fj.12-218479. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
Ref 15 Development of a rational nomenclature for naming peptide and protein toxins from sea anemones. Toxicon. 2012 Sep 15;60(4):539-50. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.05.020. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
Ref 16 Defensin-neurotoxin dyad in a basally branching metazoan sea anemone. FEBS J. 2017 Oct;284(19):3320-3338. doi: 10.1111/febs.14194. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
Ref 17 Solution structure of APETx1 from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima: a new fold for an HERG toxin. Proteins. 2005 May 1;59(2):380-6. doi: 10.1002/prot.20425.
Ref 18 Green mamba peptide targets type-2 vasopressin receptor against polycystic kidney disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jul 3;114(27):7154-7159. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1620454114. Epub 2017 Jun 19.
Ref 19 A snake toxin as a theranostic agent for the type 2 vasopressin receptor. Theranostics. 2020 Sep 18;10(25):11580-11594. doi: 10.7150/thno.47485. eCollection 2020.
Ref 20 A new Kunitz-type snake toxin family associated with an original mode of interaction with the vasopressin 2 receptor. Br J Pharmacol. 2022 Jul;179(13):3470-3481. doi: 10.1111/bph.15814. Epub 2022 Feb 28.
Ref 21 Variability of Potassium Channel Blockers in Mesobuthus eupeus Scorpion Venom with Focus on Kv1.1: AN INTEGRATED TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND PROTEOMIC STUDY. J Biol Chem. 2015 May 8;290(19):12195-209. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.637611. Epub 2015 Mar 19.
Ref 22 K(V)1.2 channel-specific blocker from Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom: Structural basis of selectivity. Neuropharmacology. 2018 Dec;143:228-238. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.030. Epub 2018 Sep 22.
Ref 23 Structure, folding and stability of a minimal homologue from Anemonia sulcata of the sea anemone potassium channel blocker ShK. Peptides. 2018 Jan;99:169-178. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.10.001. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
Ref 24 kappa-Hefutoxin1, a novel toxin from the scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes with unique structure and function. Importance of the functional diad in potassium channel selectivity. J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 16;277(33):30040-7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111258200. Epub 2002 May 28.
Ref 25 Synthesis and characterization of amino acid deletion analogs of -hefutoxin 1, a scorpion toxin on potassium channels. Toxicon. 2013 Sep;71:25-30. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.05.010. Epub 2013 May 29.
Ref 26 Expanding the pharmacological profile of -hefutoxin 1 and analogues: A focus on the inhibitory effect on the oncogenic channel K(v)10.1. Peptides. 2017 Dec;98:43-50. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.08.008. Epub 2016 Aug 28.
Ref 27 Assignment of voltage-gated potassium channel blocking activity to kappa-KTx1.3, a non-toxic homologue of kappa-hefutoxin-1, from Heterometrus spinifer venom. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Feb 15;69(4):669-78. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.10.018. Epub 2004 Dec 29.
Ref 28 Screening, large-scale production and structure-based classification of cystine-dense peptides. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2018 Mar;25(3):270-278. doi: 10.1038/s41594-018-0033-9. Epub 2018 Feb 26.
Ref 29 Molecular cloning of serine proteinases from Bothrops jararaca venom gland. Toxicon. 2005 Jul;46(1):72-83. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.03.011.
Ref 30 BjSP, a novel serine protease from Bothrops jararaca snake venom that degrades fibrinogen without forming fibrin clots. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Oct 15;357:50-61. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.08.018. Epub 2018 Aug 24.
Ref 31 Analysis of the ontogenetic variation in the venom proteome/peptidome of Bothrops jararaca reveals different strategies to deal with prey. J Proteome Res. 2010 May 7;9(5):2278-91. doi: 10.1021/pr901027r.
Ref 32 Beyond hemostasis: a snake venom serine protease with potassium channel blocking and potential antitumor activities. Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 11;10(1):4476. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61258-x.
Ref 33 The genome of Mesobuthus martensii reveals a unique adaptation model of arthropods. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2602. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3602.
Ref 34 Scorpion Potassium Channel-blocking Defensin Highlights a Functional Link with Neurotoxin. J Biol Chem. 2016 Mar 25;291(13):7097-106. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.680611. Epub 2016 Jan 27.
Ref 35 A Scorpion Defensin BmKDfsin4 Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication in Vitro. Toxins (Basel). 2016 Apr 27;8(5):124. doi: 10.3390/toxins8050124.
Ref 36 Proteomic endorsed transcriptomic profiles of venom glands from Tityus obscurus and T. serrulatus scorpions. PLoS One. 2018 Mar 21;13(3):e0193739. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193739. eCollection 2018.
Ref 37 Novel components of Tityus serrulatus venom: A transcriptomic approach. Toxicon. 2021 Jan 15;189:91-104. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.11.001. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
Ref 38 Novel structural class of four disulfide-bridged peptides from Tityus serrulatus venom. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Feb 21;301(4):1086-92. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00082-2.
Ref 39 Structural and Functional Elucidation of Peptide Ts11 Shows Evidence of a Novel Subfamily of Scorpion Venom Toxins. Toxins (Basel). 2016 Sep 30;8(10):288. doi: 10.3390/toxins8100288.
Ref 40 Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom and toxins: an overview. Protein Pept Lett. 2009;16(8):920-32. doi: 10.2174/092986609788923329.
Ref 41 Ion channel modulation by scorpion hemolymph and its defensin ingredients highlights origin of neurotoxins in telson formed in Paleozoic scorpions. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Apr 1;148:351-363. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.133. Epub 2020 Jan 15.
Ref 42 Novel peptides isolated from spider venom, and uses thereof
Ref 43 A large number of novel Ergtoxin-like genes and ERG K+-channels blocking peptides from scorpions of the genus Centruroides. FEBS Lett. 2002 Dec 4;532(1-2):121-6. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03652-9.
Ref 44 A toxin to nervous, cardiac, and endocrine ERG K+ channels isolated from Centruroides noxius scorpion venom. FASEB J. 1999 May;13(8):953-62.
Ref 45 Disulfide bridges of ergtoxin, a member of a new sub-family of peptide blockers of the ether-a-go-go-related K+ channel. FEBS Lett. 2000 Aug 18;479(3):156-7. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01891-3.
Ref 46 Mapping the receptor site for ergtoxin, a specific blocker of ERG channels. FEBS Lett. 2002 Jan 2;510(1-2):45-9. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03218-5.
Ref 47 Mapping the binding site of a human ether-a-go-go-related gene-specific peptide toxin (ErgTx) to the channel's outer vestibule. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 10;277(19):16403-11. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M200460200. Epub 2002 Feb 25.
Ref 48 Preferential closed channel blockade of HERG potassium currents by chemically synthesised BeKm-1 scorpion toxin. FEBS Lett. 2003 Jul 17;547(1-3):20-6. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00662-8.
Ref 49 Mechanism of block of the hERG K+ channel by the scorpion toxin CnErg1. Biophys J. 2007 Jun 1;92(11):3915-29. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.106.101956. Epub 2007 Mar 16.
Ref 50 Recombinant expression of the toxic peptide ErgTx1 and role of Met35 on its stability and function. Peptides. 2011 Mar;32(3):560-7. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.06.018. Epub 2010 Jun 30.
Ref 51 Positive selection-guided mutational analysis revealing two key functional sites of scorpion ERG K(+) channel toxins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Dec 7;429(1-2):111-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.065. Epub 2012 Oct 24.
Ref 52 Solution structure of CnErg1 (Ergtoxin), a HERG specific scorpion toxin. FEBS Lett. 2003 Mar 27;539(1-3):138-42. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00216-3.
Ref 53 Exploring structural features of the interaction between the scorpion toxinCnErg1 and ERG K+ channels. Proteins. 2004 Aug 1;56(2):367-75. doi: 10.1002/prot.20102.
Ref 54 Novel venom-derived inhibitors of the human EAG channel, a putative antiepileptic drug target. Biochem Pharmacol. 2018 Dec;158:60-72. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.038. Epub 2018 Aug 25.
Ref 55 Pharmacological characterisation of the highly Na(V)1.7 selective spider venom peptide Pn3a. Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 20;7:40883. doi: 10.1038/srep40883.
Ref 56 Corrigendum: Pharmacological characterisation of the highly Na(V)1.7 selective spider venom peptide Pn3a. Sci Rep. 2017 May 26;7:46816. doi: 10.1038/srep46816.
Ref 57 Chemical Synthesis, Proper Folding, Na(v) Channel Selectivity Profile and Analgesic Properties of the Spider Peptide Phlotoxin 1. Toxins (Basel). 2019 Jun 21;11(6):367. doi: 10.3390/toxins11060367.
Ref 58 Evaluation of the Spider (Phlogiellus genus) Phlotoxin 1 and Synthetic Variants as Antinociceptive Drug Candidates. Toxins (Basel). 2019 Aug 22;11(9):484. doi: 10.3390/toxins11090484.
Ref 59 GiTx1(/-theraphotoxin-Gi1a), a novel toxin from the venom of Brazilian tarantula Grammostola iheringi (Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae): Isolation, structural assessments and activity on voltage-gated ion channels. Biochimie. 2020 Sep;176:138-149. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.07.008. Epub 2020 Jul 24.
Ref 60 Isolation and characterization of a novel toxin from the venom of the spider Grammostola rosea that blocks sodium channels. Toxicon. 2007 Jul;50(1):65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.02.015. Epub 2007 Mar 3.
Ref 61 Target promiscuity and heterogeneous effects of tarantula venom peptides affecting Na+ and K+ ion channels. J Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 5;285(6):4130-4142. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.054718. Epub 2009 Dec 2.
Ref 62 Structural Basis of Nav1.7 Inhibition by a Gating-Modifier Spider Toxin. Cell. 2019 Feb 7;176(4):702-715.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.018. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
Ref 63 Characterization of voltage-dependent calcium channel blocking peptides from the venom of the tarantula Grammostola rosea. Toxicon. 2011 Sep 1;58(3):265-76. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.06.006. Epub 2011 Jun 28.
Ref 64 cDNA sequence and in vitro folding of GsMTx4, a specific peptide inhibitor of mechanosensitive channels. Toxicon. 2003 Sep;42(3):263-74. doi: 10.1016/s0041-0101(03)00141-7.
Ref 65 Identification of a peptide toxin from Grammostola spatulata spider venom that blocks cation-selective stretch-activated channels. J Gen Physiol. 2000 May;115(5):583-98. doi: 10.1085/jgp.115.5.583.
Ref 66 Solution structure of peptide toxins that block mechanosensitive ion channels. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 13;277(37):34443-50. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M202715200. Epub 2002 Jun 24.
Ref 67 Tarantula peptide inhibits atrial fibrillation. Nature. 2001 Jan 4;409(6816):35-6. doi: 10.1038/35051165.
Ref 68 Localization of the voltage-sensor toxin receptor on KvAP. Biochemistry. 2004 Aug 10;43(31):10071-9. doi: 10.1021/bi049463y.
Ref 69 Bilayer-dependent inhibition of mechanosensitive channels by neuroactive peptide enantiomers. Nature. 2004 Jul 8;430(6996):235-40. doi: 10.1038/nature02743.
Ref 70 Lipid membrane interaction and antimicrobial activity of GsMTx-4, an inhibitor of mechanosensitive channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Feb 10;340(2):633-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.046. Epub 2005 Dec 19.
Ref 71 Effects of tarantula toxin GsMTx4 on the membrane motor of outer hair cells. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Aug 14;404(1-2):213-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.05.059. Epub 2006 Jun 22.
Ref 72 Molecular dynamics simulations of a stretch-activated channel inhibitor GsMTx4 with lipid membranes: two binding modes and effects of lipid structure. Biophys J. 2007 Jun 15;92(12):4233-43. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.106.101071. Epub 2007 Mar 23.
Ref 73 Is lipid bilayer binding a common property of inhibitor cysteine knot ion-channel blockers?. Biophys J. 2007 Aug 15;93(4):L20-2. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.107.112375. Epub 2007 Jun 15.
Ref 74 Gating modifier toxins isolated from spider venom: Modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels and the role of lipid membranes. J Biol Chem. 2018 Jun 8;293(23):9041-9052. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.002553. Epub 2018 Apr 27.
Ref 75 Fast desensitization of acetylcholine receptors induced by a spider toxin. Channels (Austin). 2021 Dec;15(1):507-515. doi: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1961459.
Ref 76 Inhibition of Kv2.1 Potassium Channels by MiDCA1, A Pre-Synaptically Active PLA(2)-Type Toxin from Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda Coral Snake Venom. Toxins (Basel). 2019 Jun 12;11(6):335. doi: 10.3390/toxins11060335.
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