General Information of This Target
Target ID
BTDT10308
Target Name
Voltage-gated potassium channel
Target Bioclass
Transporter and channel
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N.A.
Toxin Information Related to This Target
                           Toxin Name Activity Data Type Activity Data Reference
 Toxin Info    Voltage sensor toxin 3 . . [1]
 Toxin Info    Kappa-ctenitoxin-Pn1a . . [2], [3], [4], [5]
 Toxin Info    Conotoxin Lo6/7a Effect . [6]
 Toxin Info    Conotoxin Lo6/7b Effect . [6]
 Toxin Info    Conotoxin AusB Effect . [6]
 Toxin Info    M-theraphotoxin-Gr1a Inhibition rate . [1- 19]
 Toxin Info    U-actitoxin-Oulsp2 Inhibition rate . [20]
 Toxin Info    Mu-sparatoxin-Hv2 Inhibition rate
15.4 %
[21]
 Toxin Info    Kappa-scoloptoxin(11)-Ssm3a Inhibition rate
25 %
[22], [23]
 Toxin Info    Kappa-theraphotoxin-Gr2b Inhibition rate
30 %
[1]
 Toxin Info    Kappa-scoloptoxin(15)-Ssd2a IC50
˜10 nM
[24], [23]
 Toxin Info    Kappa-scoloptoxin(07)-Ssm2a IC50
˜570 nM
[22], [23]
 Toxin Info    Kappa-theraphotoxin-Gr3a IC50
25 nM
[1- 28]
References
Ref 1 Localization of the voltage-sensor toxin receptor on KvAP. Biochemistry. 2004 Aug 10;43(31):10071-9. doi: 10.1021/bi049463y.
Ref 2 Phoneutria nigriventer toxin Tx3-1 blocks A-type K+ currents controlling Ca2+ oscillation frequency in GH3 cells. J Neurochem. 1999 Apr;72(4):1472-81. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.721472.x.
Ref 3 Purification and amino acid sequences of six Tx3 type neurotoxins from the venom of the Brazilian 'armed' spider Phoneutria nigriventer (Keys). Toxicon. 1993 Jan;31(1):35-42. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(93)90354-l.
Ref 4 Comparison of the partial proteomes of the venoms of Brazilian spiders of the genus Phoneutria. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006 Mar-Apr;142(3-4):173-187. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.09.010. Epub 2005 Nov 8.
Ref 5 Antiarrhythmogenic effects of a neurotoxin from the spider Phoneutria nigriventer. Toxicon. 2011 Feb;57(2):217-24. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.11.013. Epub 2010 Nov 27.
Ref 6 Novel Conopeptides of Largely Unexplored Indo Pacific Conus sp. Mar Drugs. 2016 Oct 27;14(11):199. doi: 10.3390/md14110199.
Ref 7 cDNA sequence and in vitro folding of GsMTx4, a specific peptide inhibitor of mechanosensitive channels. Toxicon. 2003 Sep;42(3):263-74. doi: 10.1016/s0041-0101(03)00141-7.
Ref 8 Characterization of voltage-dependent calcium channel blocking peptides from the venom of the tarantula Grammostola rosea. Toxicon. 2011 Sep 1;58(3):265-76. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.06.006. Epub 2011 Jun 28.
Ref 9 Identification of a peptide toxin from Grammostola spatulata spider venom that blocks cation-selective stretch-activated channels. J Gen Physiol. 2000 May;115(5):583-98. doi: 10.1085/jgp.115.5.583.
Ref 10 Solution structure of peptide toxins that block mechanosensitive ion channels. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 13;277(37):34443-50. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M202715200. Epub 2002 Jun 24.
Ref 11 Target promiscuity and heterogeneous effects of tarantula venom peptides affecting Na+ and K+ ion channels. J Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 5;285(6):4130-4142. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.054718. Epub 2009 Dec 2.
Ref 12 Tarantula peptide inhibits atrial fibrillation. Nature. 2001 Jan 4;409(6816):35-6. doi: 10.1038/35051165.
Ref 13 Bilayer-dependent inhibition of mechanosensitive channels by neuroactive peptide enantiomers. Nature. 2004 Jul 8;430(6996):235-40. doi: 10.1038/nature02743.
Ref 14 Lipid membrane interaction and antimicrobial activity of GsMTx-4, an inhibitor of mechanosensitive channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Feb 10;340(2):633-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.046. Epub 2005 Dec 19.
Ref 15 Effects of tarantula toxin GsMTx4 on the membrane motor of outer hair cells. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Aug 14;404(1-2):213-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.05.059. Epub 2006 Jun 22.
Ref 16 Molecular dynamics simulations of a stretch-activated channel inhibitor GsMTx4 with lipid membranes: two binding modes and effects of lipid structure. Biophys J. 2007 Jun 15;92(12):4233-43. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.106.101071. Epub 2007 Mar 23.
Ref 17 Is lipid bilayer binding a common property of inhibitor cysteine knot ion-channel blockers?. Biophys J. 2007 Aug 15;93(4):L20-2. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.107.112375. Epub 2007 Jun 15.
Ref 18 Gating modifier toxins isolated from spider venom: Modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels and the role of lipid membranes. J Biol Chem. 2018 Jun 8;293(23):9041-9052. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.002553. Epub 2018 Apr 27.
Ref 19 Fast desensitization of acetylcholine receptors induced by a spider toxin. Channels (Austin). 2021 Dec;15(1):507-515. doi: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1961459.
Ref 20 Synthesis, folding, structure and activity of a predicted peptide from the sea anemone Oulactis sp. with an ShKT fold. Toxicon. 2018 Aug;150:50-59. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.05.006. Epub 2018 May 19.
Ref 21 Purification and Characterization of a Novel Insecticidal Toxin, -sparatoxin-Hv2, from the Venom of the Spider Heteropoda venatoria. Toxins (Basel). 2018 Jun 7;10(6):233. doi: 10.3390/toxins10060233.
Ref 22 Chemical punch packed in venoms makes centipedes excellent predators. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2012 Sep;11(9):640-50. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M112.018853. Epub 2012 May 17.
Ref 23 Clawing through evolution: toxin diversification and convergence in the ancient lineage Chilopoda (centipedes). Mol Biol Evol. 2014 Aug;31(8):2124-48. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu162. Epub 2014 May 20.
Ref 24 Venomic and transcriptomic analysis of centipede Scolopendra subspinipes dehaani. J Proteome Res. 2012 Dec 7;11(12):6197-212. doi: 10.1021/pr300881d. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
Ref 25 Functional analysis of an archaebacterial voltage-dependent K+ channel. Nature. 2003 Mar 13;422(6928):180-5. doi: 10.1038/nature01473. Epub 2003 Mar 2.
Ref 26 A membrane-access mechanism of ion channel inhibition by voltage sensor toxins from spider venom. Nature. 2004 Jul 8;430(6996):232-5. doi: 10.1038/nature02632.
Ref 27 Vstx1, a modifier of Kv channel gating, localizes to the interfacial region of lipid bilayers. Biochemistry. 2006 Oct 3;45(39):11844-55. doi: 10.1021/bi061111z.
Ref 28 Solution structure and lipid membrane partitioning of VSTx1, an inhibitor of the KvAP potassium channel. Biochemistry. 2005 Apr 26;44(16):6015-23. doi: 10.1021/bi0477034.
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