Peptide Information

General Information of This Peptide
Peptide ID
BTDP003871
Peptide Name
Alpha-cobratoxin
Symonym
Alpha-elapitoxin-Nk2a; Long neurotoxin 1; Siamensis 3
Species
Naja kaouthia (Monocled cobra) (Naja siamensis)
Uniprot Name
3L21_NAJKA
Alphafold ID
P01391
3D Structure
Download
2D Sequence
3D Structure
Source
RSCB PDB: 1CTX
Sequence
IRCFITPDITSKDCPNGHVCYTKTWCDAFCSIRGKRVDLGCAATCPTVKTGVDIQCCSTD
NCNPFPTRKRP
   Click to Show/Hide
Sequence Length
71
Mass (Da)
7831
Sequence Removed Signal Peptide
IRCFITPDITSKDCPNGHVCYTKTWCDAFCSIRGKRVDLGCAATCPTVKTGVDIQCCSTD
NCNPFPTRKRP
   Click to Show/Hide
Disulfide Bond
3-20;3;14-41;20;26-30;45-56;57-62
PDB ID
1CTX , 1LXG , 1LXH , 1YI5 , 4AEA , 6ZFM , 7PC0 , 7ULG
        Click to Show/Hide the Complete Species Lineage
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Lepidosauria
Order: Squamata
Family: Elapidae
Genus: Naja
Species: Naja kaouthia
Full List of Activity Data of This Peptide Toxin
                        Target Name Activity Data Type Activity Data Concentration Note Reference
 Target Info    nAChR muscle-type alpha-1-beta-1-gamma-delta Dissociation constant
0.2 - 4.5 nM
 .
Monomer
 [1- 19]
 Target Info    nAChR alpha-7 Dissociation constant
13 - 105 nM
 .
Monomer
 [1- 19]
 Target Info    nAChR alpha-3/beta-2 Effect . .
Monomer
 [1- 19]
 Target Info    homopentameric alpha-1 glycine receptor (GLRA1) Inhibition rate .
40 μM
Monomer
 [1- 19]
 Target Info    nAChR muscular alpha-7 IC50
9.7 nM
 .
Homodimer
 [1- 19]
 Target Info    nAChR alpha-1-beta-3-gamma-2 IC50
236 nM
 .
Heteropentamer
 [1- 19]
 Target Info    nAChR alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 IC50
469 nM
 .
Heteropentamer
 [1- 19]
 Target Info    nAChR alpha-2-beta-2-gamma-2 IC50
485 nM
 .
Heteropentamer
 [1- 19]
 Target Info    nAChR alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 IC50
635 nM
 .
Heteropentamer
 [1- 19]
 Target Info    nAChR alpha-2-beta-3-gamma-2 IC50
1.099 μM
 .
Heteropentamer
 [1- 19]
 Target Info    neuronal nAChR alpha-7 IC50
1.37 μM
 .
Homodimer
 [1- 19]
References
Ref 1 Naturally occurring disulfide-bound dimers of three-fingered toxins: a paradigm for biological activity diversification. J Biol Chem. 2008 May 23;283(21):14571-80. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M802085200. Epub 2008 Apr 1.
Ref 2 Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled alpha-cobratoxin. Biochemical characterization and interaction with acetylcholine receptor from Electrophorus electricus. J Biol Chem. 1980 Aug 10;255(15):7326-32.
Ref 3 The sites of neurotoxicity in alpha-cobratoxin. J Biol Chem. 1983 Jul 25;258(14):8714-22.
Ref 4 alpha-Cobratoxin blocks the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in rat hippocampal neurons. Eur J Pharmacol. 1990 Dec 4;191(3):505-6. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(90)94190-9.
Ref 5 alpha-Bungarotoxin, kappa-bungarotoxin, alpha-cobratoxin and erabutoxin-b do not affect [3H]acetylcholine release from the rat isolated left hemidiaphragm. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;352(6):646-52. doi: 10.1007/BF00171324.
Ref 6 Only snake curaremimetic toxins with a fifth disulfide bond have high affinity for the neuronal alpha7 nicotinic receptor. J Biol Chem. 1997 Sep 26;272(39):24279-86. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.39.24279.
Ref 7 Effects of alpha-erabutoxin, alpha-bungarotoxin, alpha-cobratoxin and fasciculin on the nicotine-evoked release of dopamine in the rat striatum in vivo. Neurochem Int. 1998 Oct;33(4):307-12. doi: 10.1016/s0197-0186(98)00033-3.
Ref 8 Variability among the sites by which curaremimetic toxins bind to torpedo acetylcholine receptor, as revealed by identification of the functional residues of alpha-cobratoxin. J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 3;274(49):34851-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.49.34851.
Ref 9 Molecular determinants by which a long chain toxin from snake venom interacts with the neuronal alpha 7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 22;275(38):29594-601. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M909746199.
Ref 10 Neurotoxins from snake venoms and -conotoxin ImI inhibit functionally active ionotropic -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. J Biol Chem. 2015 Sep 11;290(37):22747-58. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.648824. Epub 2015 Jul 28.
Ref 11 Species specificity of rat and human 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors towards different classes of peptide and protein antagonists. Neuropharmacology. 2018 Sep 1;139:226-237. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.07.019. Epub 2018 Jul 17.
Ref 12 Experimentally based model of a complex between a snake toxin and the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Mar 5;99(5):3216-21. doi: 10.1073/pnas.042699899. Epub 2002 Feb 26.
Ref 13 Three-dimensional structure of the "long" neurotoxin from cobra venom. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 May;77(5):2400-4. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.5.2400.
Ref 14 The refined crystal structure of alpha-cobratoxin from Naja naja siamensis at 2.4-A resolution. J Biol Chem. 1991 Nov 15;266(32):21530-6. doi: 10.2210/pdb2ctx/pdb.
Ref 15 Rapid determination and NMR assignments of antiparallel sheets and helices of a scorpion and a cobra toxin. Int J Pept Protein Res. 1990 Sep;36(3):227-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1990.tb00971.x.
Ref 16 Alpha-cobratoxin: proton NMR assignments and solution structure. Biochemistry. 1992 May 26;31(20):4867-75. doi: 10.1021/bi00135a018.
Ref 17 NMR-based binding screen and structural analysis of the complex formed between alpha-cobratoxin and an 18-mer cognate peptide derived from the alpha 1 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 4;277(40):37439-45. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M205483200. Epub 2002 Jul 19.
Ref 18 Crystal structure of a Cbtx-AChBP complex reveals essential interactions between snake alpha-neurotoxins and nicotinic receptors. EMBO J. 2005 Apr 20;24(8):1512-22. doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600620. Epub 2005 Mar 24.
Ref 19 Dimeric -cobratoxin X-ray structure: localization of intermolecular disulfides and possible mode of binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Biol Chem. 2012 Feb 24;287(9):6725-34. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.322313. Epub 2012 Jan 5.
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